Addressable Modules: Wide range of input, output and multi function modules to suit all applications. Universal detector module to connect two conventional circuits. Self-powered high voltage relay th …
The 600 Series conventional detectors are the result of the evolution of conventional detector design but with extra unique style features enabling improved operation, installation and easy servicing.
The FC503 and the FC506 are the newest FireClass addressable panel solution for a wide range of applications and requirements. Conceived to be extremely easy to install and use, both of the new panels …
ProReact Linear Heat Detection provides an easy installation method for sensing changes in temperature. The technology offers an alternative over heat protection in a vast range of applications and in …
For years the fire suppression industry and design industry have clashed on who should compromise where a fire suppression nozzle/head and a light should be placed. That frustration is over... bringin …
iMist is the modern fire suppression solution replacing the heritage technology of fire sprinkler systems. It eliminates concerns over water damage, large water supply tanks, water supply upgrades and …
AdvancedLive gives you secure, smart, real-time management and control of your Advanced fire system – anytime, anywhere, on any internet-enabled device
EvacGo helps you meet the BS 8629 code of practice recommendations and is designed to support safe evacuation of tall residential buildings by the fire and rescue services.
This range consists of the industrial grade XR carbon fibre pole, comprising of high quality carbon fibre composites with a collar bonded to the end for attaching a smoke detector tester.
Securidor PAS 24 steel doors offer enhanced security performance for internal and external use to enable entry and exit. Each is built to order, individually constructed with a choice of high security …
Atakdor - developed in partnership with a leading national retailer, Atakdor uses a combination of door security technologies, such as Atakcore and Leafshield, to frustrate serious, sustained attacks …
The Securidor+ S4 security door range is accredited to offer a high level of security against potential attacks from heavy duty tools such as felling axes and disc grinders. These single and double do …
The Securidor+ S3 security door range comprises of single and double security-rated steel door-sets that are specifically designed for use in locations that would benefit from enhanced protection. The …
The Securidor S2 security door range comprises of single and double security-rated steel door-sets that are specifically designed for use in locations that would benefit from enhanced protection. The …
The Securidor+ S1 security door range comprises of single and double security-rated steel door-sets that are specifically designed for use in locations that would benefit from enhanced protection. The …
Strongdor Secured by Design door-sets are certified to comply with the standards set by the national Police initiative to improve the security of buildings and their immediate surroundings, to provide …
The UK government has committed to reducing carbon emissions and meeting its target of net-zero emissions by 2050. In line with this, several changes have been made to the building regulations to impr …
Firedor external fire-rated steel doors have been independently third party tested to perform in excess of up to 3 hours. CE marked to EN 16034 and BS EN 14351-1 standards. Manufactured from 1.2mm gal …
Firedor is fire-rated up to E120 and EW30, UKCA | CE marked to BS EN 14351-1 and EN 16034 standards. Internal steel fire doors are acoustically rated up to 36dB and designed to enable internal entry …
PVSTOP is the world’s first and only solution for ‘switching off’ solar panels, making them safe in an emergency such as a fire, flood or storm. PVSTOP does this by acting as a liquid blanket that is …
Ampac's LoopSense is an intelligent analogue addressable fire alarm control panel, offering total flexibility and ideal for small to medium sized projects. Available in one or two loops, the LoopSense …
Ampac fire detection systems are Nimbus ready. Meaning that you can have 24/7 fire system monitoring at your finger tips and there is no need to set up – just pull it out of the box and play. Nimbus b …
SmartView is a graphical event management system that has been designed to complement the Ampac range of fire detection systems. It presents clear and precise alarm information to the operators, enabl …
The EvacUElite, Ampac's Voice Evacuation System, offers fully compliant, operator-friendly control and indication functionality via a colour touch screen user interface. A practical layout of menu opt …
The FireFinder PLUS is an intelligent addressable fire detection system, offering complete flexibility, control, and visibility to the engineer and end user. It’s a very flexible panel, with a variety …
Nimbus is a fire alarm management solution that offers visibility of fire protection systems anywhere, anytime, regardless of fire panel type or manufacturer. Fire engineers get more done by streamli …
Save time and provide proof of testing with our portable, single-engineer testing solution that works with all leading fire panels. Be on the go with nimbusGo! Don't miss out on our special pricing …
It’s time to make your software solutions work harder for you. PlanRadar Connect easily integrates with a suite of 200 + applications, automating work processes on your real estate and construction pr …
We provide access to our software with an Open API (Application Programming Interface) and Webhooks. PlanRadar customers may work with software developers to build their own custom solutions, sending …
Our acoustic doorsets are designed to accommodate sound insulation requirements in a wide range of applications. Our doorsets can be supplied with sound reduction of up to 35dB for standard constructi …
Our Security doorset solutions are independently tested to the recognised PAS 24 standards. PAS 24 is an enhanced security standard designed to assess whether a door and frameset can withstand a serie …
All our bespoke hospital doors can be manufactured in a range of woods, with a variety of different configurations, glazes and ironmongery to suit your requirements. We pride ourselves on delivering g …
We offer an extensive range of internal fire doors in a range of designs and finishes, including glazing options, to match your specification without compromising on safety. Our fire doors and fire do …
HTM: Healthcare Premises aims to provide delegates with a knowledge of the Firecode series so they can apply them to design, management and use of healthcare premises
Level 5 Diploma: Fire Engineering Design is for individuals who are involved in auditing or risk assessing fire engineering buildings and designing or assessing fire engineering design submissions.
Level 4 Diploma in Fire Safety (Fire Inspectors) applies to those who audit complex premises and venues, such as shopping centres, hotels, residential care homes, firework displays and pop concerts
Level 4 Certificate in Fire Safety (Fire Auditors) applies to those who audit complex premises and venues, including shopping centres, hotels, industrial units, firework displays and pop concerts.
Level 3 Certificate in Fire Safety (Fire Auditors) applies to those who audit simple premises, including small shops, offices and industrial units with a simple layout and easy means of escape.
Level 3 Award in Fire Safety Management aims to enable delegates to manage the day-to-day fire safety of premises, such as shops, offices, hotels, residential care homes and industrial buildings.
Overhead Door Closers, Concealed Door Closers, Cam-Action Door Closers, Hold-Open & Swing-Free Door Closers, Electromagnetic Door Closers. Panic Exit Devices, Emergency Exit Devices, Outside Access De …
The Ei660iRF is a battery-powered Multi-Sensor Fire Alarm. It is able to wirelessly interconnect with any other RadioLINK, RadioLINK+ and SmartLINK products. The Multi-Sensor Fire Alarm contains two p …
Our full range of UKCA accredited FD30S flush and glazed External Doorsets are designed to ensure they can be trusted to fulfil their role if ever required.
The Toccare® Intelligent Touch Screen Panel demonstrates the latest in fire alarm technology - the world’s first fully touch screen, EN54 certified fire alarm panel. The Toccare® range is the first tr …
Steel Access Panel to provide controlled passage via a hinged door within an overall FIREFLY™ fire barrier system, providing up to 120 minutes fire resistance.
We understand that each and every project is unique, and our bespoke manufacturing allows us to produce door sets to your exact specification requirements. Each door is available in a range of styles …
Our range of fully-compliant internal flat entrance door sets are designed with both safety and security in mind. Designed to prevent the spread of the fire for at least 30 minutes, our FD30 flat entr …
For Engineers: Features include a dedicated mobile app, installation & Inspection forms built around UK standards and BAFE, NSI and SSAIB guidelines, digital floor plans and timesheets. For Office Sta …
This course consists of both our Core Module and Penetration Sealing Systems Module. The training takes 1-day to complete and is delivered in a classroom-based environment with an option to bolt on an …
This course aims to give delegates a foundation of knowledge and undertsanding around Fire Rated Ducting and Dampers. Deleagtes can expect to learn about the correct installation of the systems and in …
NOCN Group have produced this Assured Course through collaborative working with the British Woodworking Federation to promote awareness in the construction industry of the factors involved in the appr …
This course consists of both our Timber Doorsets Module and Fire Door Maintenance & Repair Module. The training takes 1-day to complete and can be delivered either virtually or classroom-based with an …
This award consists of an initial three-day course which details all of the learning needed to pass both the theory and practical assessments, the former will be completed at the end of the course. If …
This new range of high-performance wireless detection, control and alarm devices is based on new protocol that offers outstanding capabilities, quality and reliability. Combined with user-friendly sur …
ENVISION is a revolutionary new secure Cloud based remote access, service, test and site management software package from C-TEC. Add an ENVISION ‘IoT’ Gateway Hub (order code ENV-HUB) to your C-TEC CA …
Introducing EVAC-ALERT – C-TEC’s new BS 8629: 2019 compliant evacuation alert system specifically designed to assist the fire and rescue services in evacuating high-rise residential buildings in fire …
The result of an intensive multi-million pound investment project, CAST is C-TEC’s own UK designed and manufactured ‘distributed intelligence’ addressable fire detection and alarm system. With a host …
Hush-Pro by C-TEC provides fully monitored BS 5839-6 Grade C compliant fire detection, alarm, silencing and test facilities in domestic dwellings such as flats and apartments. As well as putting resid …
QuidvisRisk delivers the most comprehensive evidence-based fire risk assessments and fire door inspections available. The reporting and risk management solution ensures we provide our clients with a d …
FIREFLY™ ATHENA 60:60 is a lightweight, flexible fire barrier, fully certified 60 minutes on timber. FIREFLY™ ATHENA 60:60 is designed to be installed as a two-layer fire barrier system, certified for …
Public Address and Voice Alarm systems allow safe and controlled building evacuation to be managed in the case of an emergency. Clear voice messages can be initiated from the system to aid building ev …
VIDs are generally used as a supplementary indication to raise situational awareness. But, when an event occurs, they cannot be used as the only means to alert people to a potential hazard.
VADs are used to supplement sounders, providing an effective means of alerting and evacuating occupants of the building, as part of its fire safety strategy. Regulations and codes of practices recomme …
The first conventional detector range from Johnson Controls that uses algorithms to determine fire conditions more precisely. This provides superior performance and improved false alarm rejection rate …
The FireClass range of fire alarm control panels provide a great deal of flexibility in terms of hardware configuration, scalability and feature set. Both the FC702 and FC708 are highly featured digi …
We have launched FireClass FC600 addressable fire control panels in UK & South Africa. These simple, powerful panels are ideal for helping to protect a wide range of commercial buildings.
Non-intrusive resident protection. The FireAngel Gateway can be connected to enhance a network via cellular or ethernet to remotely monitor smoke, heat and CO alarms, enabling landlords to achieve ful …
The most technologically advanced gateway in the market. FireAngel's Home Environment Gateway enables social housing landlords to offer a level of protection and prevention measures never seen bef …
Pinpointing fire risk with Predict™ Developed with support from the UK Fire and Rescue Service, FireAngel Predict™ runs a unique algorithm with a patented application that spots trends of behaviour …
Streamline data to provide actionable insight. The FireAngel Connected cloud-based dashboard reports real-time GDPR compliant data for individual properties and devices. Using the dashboard, social la …
IoT powered resident protection. Connected is a purpose-built solution for home safety. The solution can be deployed within the parameters of an existing budget and can be connected via cellular tech …
This course has been recognised by the IFE as a suitable preparation course for the Level 3 Exam in Passive Fire Protection, which is held by the Institute of Fire Engineers during March and October o …
The Steel Fire Protection Inspection Course is available to anyone who wishes to have a greater knowledge of steel fire protection, such as wet spray, intumescent coatings and boards used to protect s …
The Fire Stopping Course offers an introduction into the passive fire protection industry, providing information on both fire stopping systems and the regulations surrounding them. This course builds …
This course provides a comprehensive look at the specification, maintenance, repair, installation, and inspection of passive fire protection systems. As well as detailing all of the regulations relate …
Discreet and secure, the Ei1025 Environmental Sensor can be placed throughout a property to monitor temperature, humidity and Carbon Dioxide, providing actionable insights to enable the creation of he …
Discreet and secure, the Ei1020 Environmental Sensor can be placed throughout a property to monitor temperature and humidity, providing actionable insights to enable the creation of healthier, safer h …
These multipurpose lockable UV-stabilised Polycarbonate Enclosures help protect against vandalism, accidental damage and the environment whilst ensuring all round visibility and immediate access. Thes …
Recommended in areas where abuse or tampering of thermostats is a problem. Holes in the frame allow air to circulate freely for proper operation of the thermostat, but an interior wall prevents any ta …
These AED Protective Cabinets allow AED units to remain protected but still highly visible. They mount on the wall enabling appliances to be stored in a central location and are capable of housing CPR …
Build this UL listed, ADA Compliant, multipurpose push buttons to your specifications. The unique, patented design helps dramatically stop accidental activation. Available in six colours, ten button a …
A highly versatile range of attractive key switches combining unique design, quality and value, with or without a protective cover or pre-alarm. These aesthetically appealing, low/high voltage switche …
A highly versatile range of attractive indoor Push Buttons combining unique design, quality and value. These aesthetically appealing, low/high voltage switches fit any standard UK-type switch socket b …
A re-settable call point that simulates break glass activation with no broken glass. When activated an indicator drops into view. Simple reset with the provided key for immediate re-use. Housing is av …
The Waterproof ReSet call point is a unique manual call point that simulates break glass activation whilst offering the user the benefits of a re-settable operating element. An activation indicator dr …
The ‘ReSet’ is a unique manual call point that simulates break glass activation whilst offering the user the benefits of a re-settable operating element. An activation indicator drops into view on act …
This touch free, contactless button uses NoTouch® technology which helps reduce the spread of germs in schools, hospitals, offices and public buildings. To activate, a person must simply wave their ha …
This touch free button applies NoTouch® technology which helps reduce the spread of germs in any public building. To exit, a person must simply wave their hand in front of the device. The infrared wil …
The Steel Web Stoppers are designed to protect a variety of applications from vandalism and misuse such as flush mounted smoke and fire detectors and motion detectors. Constructed from plastic coated, …
The Theft Stopper is an effective way to protect Fire Extinguishers, AED’s and Evacuation Chairs from theft and unwanted use or vandalism. The Theft Stopper leaves the protected devices accessible for …
The Exit Stopper is a unique and highly effective way to alert you to any unauthorised exits or entries through emergency exit doors. If the protected door is opened, the electronic Exit Stopper emits …
The Weather Stopper II offers protection against harsh environments and conditions both outside and inside, as well as preventing tampering, vandalism and damage from accidental or malicious operation …
The Stopper II has helped prevent false fire alarms around the world for decades, without restricting legitimate operation of devices such as larger fire alarm break glass call points. The product is …
The Enviro Stopper is a IP rated protective cover, ideal for extending the life and reliability of devices exposed to harsh environments such as wash down areas. The Enviro Stopper offers protection t …
The Universal Stopper is an indoor and outdoor, low profile or dome polycarbonate covers that protects devices such as manual call points, emergency buttons and dual action pull stations etc., without …
The Euro Stopper is a protective cover that helps prevent malicious or accidental activation of call points. The Euro Stopper comes in a range of 7 colours with custom labels avaliable and is made of …
The Call Point Stopper is a polycarbonate cover that protects a wide range of electrical switches and call points from accidential damage, without restricting operation. It is available in a range of …
Automist® is a simple, retrofittable, water mist fire suppression system. It's a smart, modern alternative to fire sprinklers designed to save lives and protect property. Easy to install, Automist con …
CARE2 is a radial wired emergency voice communication system built to the high standard you expect from Baldwin Boxall. It is stylish, versatile and easy to use. CARE2 is an all-in-one Emergency Voice …
The OmniCare system was the first of its kind when introduced in 2007 as a combined EVC system. Since then it has been installed worldwide and has become the system of choice for many. The system is f …
VIGIL3 is our next generation of voice alarm. A fully modular and expandable solution enabling voice alarm systems to be realised from the very small to the very big. Supports up to 64 simultaneous au …
Firetrace has Fryertrace®, an automatic kitchen fire suppression system as a solution to the problem. The small self contained pneumatic system requires no external power source and can be installed w …
By the nature of their design, automated machines make easy work of what were once labour intensive & expensive tasks. These machines operate for hours unattended and often tasks are set up to run thr …
The Fire Protection Association has been providing fire risk assessment expertise for over 20 years. Our experts can assist you with single or multi-site fire risk assessments.
The Fire Protection Association (FPA) provides one of the most versatile and comprehensive fire testing and research facilities in the UK at our Gloucestershire based laboratory.
Complete your fire safety training with the UK's leading fire industry experts. Our trainers are the most experienced and respected professionals in the industry.
Joining our membership programme offers an abundance of benefits only available from the UK’s leading fire safety organisation. With over 4000 active members, find out how we can help you.
A simple to use master station which is suitable for EVCS in addition to Assist Call emergency assitance alarms. Designed for ease of installation and commissioning, the LX228 is a solution for small …
Lexicomm Network is a comprehensive Emergency Voice Communication System that combines Fire Telephone, Disabled Refuge and Emergency Assistance Alarm Systems in one fully-integrated robust network. Th …
Our BLE Smoke & Fire SC1 Automatic Smoke Curtains are used in areas such as atria, lobbies, escalators and stairwells to control the spread and direction of smoke in the event of a fire,
19 Feb 2025 Safelincs Safelincs Fire & Safety Solutions
Our made-to-measure fire doors and frames are available in a huge choice of finishes with many options for glazing, fixtures and fittings. For added peace of mind, our qualified team can offer a compl …
19 Feb 2025 Safelincs Safelincs Fire & Safety Solutions
P50 extinguishers have been specifically designed with cost saving and highest performance in mind. These service-free fire extinguishers eliminate the need for a 3rd party servicing company to check …
Health and safety and information signs within an environment or workplace are essential. Signs highlight important information or potential dangers to employees and members of the public.
Our Premium Range fire blankets are manufactured in our own purpose-built facility in the heart of the West Midlands, UK. The Jactone Premium Range of fire blankets includes; Jacpack, Flat Pack and th …
PAFSS (Pneumatically Actuated Fire Suppression Systems) detects automatically at the source of a fire and suppresses it early before it can develop further and spread. PAFSS systems offer peace of min …
Our Premium Range fire extinguishers are manufactured in our own purpose-built facility in the heart of the West Midlands, UK. The Jactone Premium Range of extinguishers includes; Carbon Dioxide, Foam …
The QuelStop Firestopping System is the ideal solution for firestopping mechanical and electrical service penetrations to maintain the fire rating of fire compartments walls and floors.
RSM Fireproof Rainscreen Cavity Barrier Intumescent impregnated fireproof barriers with smoke as well as fire stopping capabilities. Created with intumescent-coated material (RSM). Also available in a …
Fire retardant coating for timber for external or internal purpose. ES/VFR System For Internal And External The ES/VFR system is a two coat system that should have a top coat applied whether you use t …
A range of fire-rated intumescent-lined, woven glass fabric covers for lights and downlighters. Intumescent downlighter covers create a fire seal to maintain integrity as well as fire rating of a ceil …
Firoblok intumescent sleeves are manufactured for a range of applications, including pipes, cable baskets, ventilation outlets and more. In the case of a fire, the intumescent material will expand, th …
Innovative intumescent fire protection gaskets for metal boxes. Electrical protection gaskets for BESA or universal boxes, where conduits pass through fire-rated ceilings and walls. BESA or universal …
A range of clear or white intumescent fire-resistant paint for wood. It is ideal for painting or upgrading existing wood or timber surfaces to either 30 or 60 minutes fire protection. It can be applie …
FIREFLY™ Phoenix is a lightweight flexible fire rated smoke and flame barrier designed to provide compartmentation within a building, offering 120 minutes integrity only, when tested to BS476 Parts 20 …
FIREFLY™ MEMBRANE WP is a non-combustible, fire resistant membrane achieving an A2 non-combustibility classification in accordance with the demanding EN 13501-1 standard.
FIREFLY™ Collaroll is a lightweight flexible fire rated penetration collar used to seal penetrations through FIREFLY™ fire barriers enabling the integrity of the fire barrier to remain intact. FIREFLY …
FIREFLY™ TITAN Lite™ 120:60 is a flexible fire barrier designed to provide compartmentation of larger concealed spaces (extensive cavities) within a building.
FIREFLY™ APOLLO Lite™ 30:30 is a flexible fire barrier designed to provide compartmentation of larger concealed spaces (extensive cavities) within a building.
The FPA is one of the leading experts for sprinkler system inspections, head testing, pipework testing and water mist testing. We wrote the LPC Rules for Automatic Sprinklers.
The Testifire XTR2 simplifies fire safety compliance with its comprehensive testing features, automated record-keeping, and seamless integration with cloud and apps. Designed for efficiency in today's …
The Scorp 2001 is a versatile ASD system test head and bracket, compatible with all systems. Its clearing function allows for rapid resets, reducing re-alarms, and it enables efficient functional test …
The Scorpion test head and mounting bracket are compatible with all point-type smoke detectors. They can be installed in various spaces and include a clearing function for quick resets, reducing re-al …
The G-One is a versatile compact addressable Fire Alarm Control Panel which can be surface or recess mounted. The powerful cause and effect programming capabilities along with enhanced system diagnost …
Protecta FR Pipe Wrap is designed to maintain the fire resistance of fire separating walls and floors when these are breached by plastic pipes, conduits or metal pipes with continuous combustible insu …
Protecta FR Graphite is a preformed self-adhesive intumescent plate used to reinstate the fire resistance performance of flexible wall constructions when punctured with plastic wall boxes.
Protecta FR Graphite is a high specification mastic designed to prevent the spread of fire, smoke and gases through openings in fire rated walls and floors.
Protecta FR Damper is designed to fire proof ventilation ducts which penetrate fire rated constructions, such as fire compartments and fire walls, preventing the passage of fire and smoke (surrounding …
rotecta Ex Mortar is a dry, white powder which consists of inorganic components and perlite. When mixed with water, the compounds from a highly thermal insulating fire sealing compound to prevent the …
Protecta FR Board is designed to prevent the spread of fire and smoke through openings in fire rated walls and floors where openings are formed to allow the installation of multiple building services.
From a smouldering circuit board to a switch gear explosion, the risk of electrical fire in data, power generation and telecommunication centers is an ever-increasing concern for the owners and operat …
In multi-story buildings preventing fire and smoke progressing through stairwells and atrium voids to upper floors can be challenging and may lead to designs being compromised to meet fire regulations …
Developed for applications where there are no structural columns or posts to fit side guides at corners. The accordion fire curtain is a folding vertical fire curtain that can be used around atria, es …
The industry's first UL certified vision panel allowing building occupants and first responders to see through fire curtains after deployment, for safer and faster evacuation and elimination of fire.
Battery powered with a sealed in lithium battery Easy to fit – twist on base and multi-fixings 10 year life Uses built-in RadioLINK+ technology to interconnect and for data extraction Connects wireles …
Battery powered with a sealed in lithium battery Easy to fit – twist on base and multi-fixings 10 year life Uses built-in RadioLINK+ technology for interconnection and data extraction Connects wireles …
Battery powered by a sealed in 10 year lithium battery Built in AudioLINK data extraction technology Easy to fit twist on base and multi-fixings Proven electrochemical sensor Pre-alarm LED indication …
The next generation of Radio Frequency Wireless Interconnection The Ei3000MRF Module allows for wireless interconnection and data extraction. Simply plug in to any 3000 Series alarm. Powered from alar …
The Ei3028 Heat & CO Alarm is built with the same high quality, reliable and proven technology as in our other Heat and CO alarms but combined in one alarm and with advanced intelligent technology. Co …
The Ei3024 Multi Sensor Fire Alarm is built on the same high quality, reliable and proven technology that all Aico Alarms are renowned for, but contains the latest high-tech enhancements making it the …
Contains our proven Electrochemical CO sensor Mains powered with 10 year rechargeable lithium cell back-up Add an Ei3000MRF module for wireless interconnection and data extraction Compatible with othe …
Contains a high performance optical sensor Mains powered with 10 year rechargeable lithium cell back-up Add an Ei3000MRF module for wireless interconnection and data extraction AudioLINK data extracti …
The SmartLINK Gateway is designed for use with the Aico RF devices. It provides a mechanism to transfer information from the RF network to a portal over the GSM network. Enables remote management of …
The GFE-MCPE-A is an Analogue Addressable Manual Call Point, designed and manufactured to comply with EN5411, compatible with all GFE Addressable Control panels. With its enhanced communications mecha …
The GEKKO Fire Alarm Control Panel is the successor of the enormously popular GFE JUNIOR panel of which tens of thousands have been installed all over the world.
The OCTOPLUS Fire Alarm Control Panel, builds on the pedigree of the worldwide known JUNO NET. It introduces a full peer to peer networking solution which enables extreme resilience in very large dist …
Developed and manufactured by Coopers, the FireMaster® Concertina™ fire curtain is developed to provide high-performance fire protection without the need for visible columns or corner posts.
The BS 8524 standard compliant FireMaster® active fire curtain barrier has been developed by Coopers Fire to protect all vertical applications including boundary protection but excluding a means of es …